EAST-AIRE Project Outline

Objective, Sites, Measurements , Questions , Instruments, Participants, Funding, Publications

Objective

East Asia with its heart in China is a region of heavy aerosol loading and of precursor gases with distinct and complex properties. To date, few in-situ measurements were made of the physical properties and chemical composition of the aerosols near the source regions. In order to gain a basic knowledge of the characteristics of aerosols and gases and a understanding of their climatic effects, a team of scientists from U.S. and China conduct joint field measurements by means of routine observations at fixed sites, and intensive observation campaign.[Top]

Sites

3 Supersites

                             2 IOP sites (todate)

                             25 nation-wide network sites [Top]

Measurements

1. Super site measurements

Radiative quantities:         Broadband SW and LW fluxes

direct, diffuse and total irradiances

                                       Narrowband UV, PAR, and 8 other bands

Aerosol quantities:           Aerosol optical depths, single scattering albedo

                                      size distribution, aerosol filters

Cloud parameters:           Total sky imager, cloud cover, cloud optical

depth

                             Meteorological variables: surface pressure, temperature, wind, humidity

                                                                   Ozone total column amount, and profile

                                                                   Precipitable water

2. IOP measurements

All above, plus

Cloud liquid path, cloud bottom height

Aerosol absorbing quantities

Aerosol composition and number concentration

OC/EC, ozone, NO, NOx, NOy, CO, SO2.

3. National-wide network

Aerosol optical depth at 4 bands

Angstrom exponent

Surface total and visible (PAR) irradiance[Top]

Questions to address

· What are the major types of aerosol, its loading and the single scattering albedos in the region,

· How much do aerosols influence radiative forcing at the TOA and at the surface?

· How do aerosols alter cloud microphysics and precipitation;

· How are the properties of dust particles modified by air pollution? 

· What are the origins and compositions of the aerosols? [Top]

Instruments

Table 1、Instruments measuring radiation, cloud, and aerosol quantities, provided by University of Maryland and NASA/GSFC

Instruments	Manufacture	Observation Items
Kipp & Zonen 1. CM21 radiometer 2. CM22 radiometer 3. CV2 ventilator 4. EKO solar tracker	Kipp & Zonen (USA) Inc. 125 Wilbur Place Bohemia, New York 11716 USA www.kippzonen.com	Total (CM21) and Diffuse radiation (CM22) with a ventilation system (CV2). All are placed on solar-tracking system
Eppley 1. 8-48 B&W radiometer 2. Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer 3. Ventilator model VEN 4. PIR (Precision Infrared Radiometer)	Eppley Lab Tom Kirk 401-847-1020 www.eppleylab.com	Diffuse and direct  solar radiation; Vventilator attached to 8-48 radiometer
Campbell Scientific Logger (CR23X-4M)	Campbell Scientific Inc. 815 W. 1800N Logan, Utah 84321-1784	Data acquisition
YES MFR-7 Rotating shadow band radiometer TSI 440A Total Sky Imager	Yankee Environment Sys. Mark Beaubien 101 Industrial Blvd. Turners Falls, MA www.yesinc.com	Direct and diffuse spectral radiation Cloud fraction Cloud t Cloud re Total sky image and animation movie
Cimel CE-318	CIMEL Electronique 172 rue de Charonne 75011 Paris, France	Direct spectral radiance Aerosol t, w, & size distribution
MPL Lidar	Developed by NASA/GSFC	Aerosol extinction profile, cloud height
Microwave Radiometer	Developed by NASA/GSFC	Cloud liquid water path Precipitable water
High-volume Aerosol Sampler	Developed by University of Miami	Aerosol composition and size distribution
Aerosol optical sampler	Developed by NASA/GSFC	Aerosol scattering, absorption from UV to mid-IR

Table 2: Instruments Measuring Gases, Aerosol Physical and Chemical Properties (both for airborne and ground observations), provided by University of Maryland

Instruments	Manufacture	Model	Observation Items	Weight (lbs)	Dimension (cm)
Pulsed Fluorescence SO2 Analyzer	Thermo Electron Inc.	TEI 43C	Sulfur Dioxide Concentration	46.5	58 x 42 x 22
Gas Filter Correlation CO Analyzer	Thermo Electron Inc.	TEI 48C	Carbon Monoxide Concentration	44.0	58 x 42 x 22
UV Photometric O3 Analyzer	Thermo Electron Inc.	TEI 49C	Ozone Concentration	42.5	58 x 42 x 23
Integrating Nephelometer	TSI, Inc	3563	Aerosol Light Scattering at 450,550 & 700 nm	44.5	105 x 29 x 25
Particle/Soot Absorption Photometer	Radiance Research, Inc	Nil	Aerosol Light Absorption at 565 nm	10.0	48 x 29 x 14
MetOne Particle Counter	MetOne, Inc.	9012	Aerosol Size Distribution 0.3-1.0µm	4.0	12 (diameter) x 25 (height)
Condensation Particle Counter	TSI Inc.	3007	Total Aerosol Number Concentration (<1.0 µm)	5.0	30 x 13 x 15
Rosemont Pressure Transducer	Rosemont, Inc	2008	Atmospheric Pressure	4.0	12 x 10 x 8
Rustrack Data Logger	Thermo Westronics, Inc	RR2- 1200	Data Acquisition	3.5	30 x 19 x 5
Garmin GPS 90	Garmin, Inc.	90	Position	2.0	16 x 5 x 3

Table 3 Instruments measuring the chemistry and optical properties of absorbing aerosols, provided by the University of Hawaii

Instrument	Measurement Parameter
Omnidirectional Inlet & Tubing. Built by Dave covert, U. Washington	Delivers air and aerosols to all our instruments except the MOUDI impactors
TSI Model 3563 Integrating Nephelometer	Aerosol  Light Scattering at 450, 550, and 700 nm for Aerosols. Alternating Total and <1 µm
Magee Scientific Model AE3 Aethalometer	Aerosol Light Absorption at 370, 450, 571, 615, 660, 880, and 950 nm for Total Aerosols
Radiance Research PSAP	Aerosol Light Absorption at 565 nm, Alternating Total and <1 um with neph
Sunset Labs Semi-continuous Aerosol Carbon Analyzer	Bulk Elemental and Organic Carbon in Aerosols
Bulk Aerosol Filter Sampler	Bulk Aerosol Concentrations of Chemical Species (e.g., sulfate, nitrate, …)
2 ea MOUDI Cascade Impactors	Size-segregated Carbonaceous and Inorganic Aerosol Collections
TSI Model 3320 Aerodynamic Particle Sizer	Number Size Distribution of Particles from 0.5 to 20 µm
TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer	Number Size Distribution of Particles from 15 to 700 nm
TSI Model 3760 Condensation Particle Counter	Total Aerosol Number Concentration from 15 to 1000 nm
Monitor Labs Model 9810 Ozone Analyzer	Ozone Concentration
Mettler UMT-2 Microbalance	Gravimetric Aerosol Mass
Muffle Furnace	Cleaning quartz filters for OC/EC analysis

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Funding                 NASA, NSF, USA

Agencies               IAP/CAS, NSFC, China [Top]

Participating University of Maryland (UMD)

Institutes               Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP)

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

University of Hawaii (IOP05)

University of Miami (IOP05)

Participants Principal Investigator:

Prof. Zhanqing Li

Department of Atmos. & Oceanic Sci. & ESSIC, UMD

College Park, MD

Co-Principal Investigator:

Prof. Russell Dickerson,

Department of Atmos. & Oceanic Sci. & ESSIC, UMD

College Park, MD

Co-Investigator/Collaborators:

Drs. P. Wang, Y.Wang, X.Xia, H.Chen

IAP, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Beijing, China

Drs. S.C. Tsay, B. Holben, V. Martin

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, MD

Prof. Barry Huebert

University of Hawaii,

Hawaii

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